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H
A situation of extreme competition. For research funding, this can be a situation where success rates remain low amongst a high number of applications.
I
Intersectionality is the overlapping or intersecting of identities and their experiences of oppression and discrimination. Intersectionality recognises not only differences between identities (such as racial, gender, and LGBT+ identities) but within these. Addressing diversity issues through an intersectional lens accounts for the different issues individuals may face and acknowledges that not all diversity problems can be solved with a single solution.
L
These are places within a complex system (a corporation, an economy, a living body, a city, an ecosystem) where a small shift in one thing can produce big changes in everything.Reference:Meadows, D. H.; Wright, D. Thinking in Systems : A Primer, 2008.
O
Identifying core underlying “best practices” or factors (i.e., rules and structures) that characterise robust institutions for the governance of common-pool resources.Reference:Ostrom, E. Governing the Commons : The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, 1990.
The extra cost institutions apply to grants and contracts over salaries and direct expenses. This can be compared to indirect costs in other systems, or some time referred to as Facilities and Administrative costs (example, and has been compared historically in the US).
